T4A5 

1917 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

STATE BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 

In Co-operaiion with the Federal Board for Vocational Education 



Federal Aid for Vocational Agriculture in Texas, 
under the Smith-Hughes Law 



W. F, DOUGHTY 

State Superintendent of Public Instruction and 

Secretary State Board for Vocational Education 

J. D. BLACKWELL 

Director of Vocational Agriculture 




BULLETIN 68 AUGUST 1. 1917 



THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 
STATE OF TEXAS 



jjotio**^^ 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

STATE BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 

In Co-operation with the Federal Board for Vocational Education 



Federal Aid for Vocational Agriculture in Texas, 
under the Smith-Hughes Law 



W. F. DOUGHTY 

State Superintendent of Public Instruction and 
Secretary State Board for Vocational Education 

J. D. BLACKWELL 

Director of Vocational Agriculture 




BULLETIN 68 • AUGUST I. 1917 



THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 



STATE OF TEXAS 

' . ; A176-1017-5m 






D." of D. 
UtC 4 I9I7 




FOREWORD. 



The Smith-Hughes Bill, providing Federal grants to the respective 
states for the promotion of Vocational Education, was passed by the 
Sixty-fourth Congress, signed by President Wilson on February 23, 
1[)17, and became operative as a law on July 1, 1917. 

The Thirty-fifth Legislature of the State of Texas accepted the pro- 
visions and benefits of this law and designated the State Board of 
Education as the State Board for Vocational Education to administer 
this law in Texas. 

The following approximate amounts of Federal aid are available to 
the State of Texas, during the next ten years, provided such aid is 
duplicated from State or local funds, or by both: 



Purpose. 



1917-18 



1918-19 



1919-20 



1920-21 



1921-22 1922-23 



Salaries of teachers, supervisors and 
directors of agricultural subjects.. 

Salaries of Instructors in teacher- 
training in aericultural, trade and 
industrial and home economics 
subjects 

Salaries of teachers of trade and 
industrial and home economics 
subjects 

Total 



$ 29,950 

21,200 
11,000 



$ 43,903 

31,076 
16,126 



S 57.857 

40,953 
21,250 



S 69,767 

49,384 
25,624 



$ 79,634 

56,368 
29,248 



$ 89,501 

63,352 
32,872 



$ 62,150 



$ 91,105 



$120,060 



$144,775 



$165,250 



$185,725 



Purpose. 



Salaries of teachers, supervisors and 
directors of agricultural subjects.. 

Salaries of instructors in teacher- 
training in agricultural, trade and 
industrial and home economics 
subjects .. 

Salaries of teachers of trade and 
industrial and home economics 
subjects 



Total. 



1923-24 



$ 99 , 368 

70,336 
36,496 



$ 206,200 



1924-25 



$ 119,102 

84,305 
43,743 



$ 247,150 



1925-26 



$ 138,835 

98,273 
50,992 



$ 288,100 



1926-27 



$ 138,835 

98,273 
50,992 



$ 288,100 



Total for 
10 years. 



866.752 

613,520 
318,343 



$ 1,798.615 



Application for all Federal aid must be made by the Local Board 
of Control (school board, school committee or special board appointed 
for the purpose) in regular session, on forms provided by the State 
Board for Vocational Education. 

The purpose of this bulletin is to outline briefly the conditions govern- 
ing Federal aid for vocational agriculture in Texas, under the provisions 
of the Smith- Hughes Law, to explain the method of applying for such 
aid, and to give such extracts from the Smith-Hughes Vocational Law 
as effect vocational agriculture. Similar bulletins for trade and indus- 
try, and home economics will be available at a later date. 

W. F. Doughty, 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction 
and Secretar}', State Board for Vocational 
Education. 



Austin, Texas, October 1, 1917. 



CONDITIONS GOVERNING FEDERAL AID FOR VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE IN 
TEXAS, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THE SMITH-HUGHES LAW 

(Based on the plan approved by State and Federal Boards for Vocational Education) 

I. General conditions. 

A. Supervision and control. 

1. All vocational agricnltnre, for which Federal aid is 
given, shall be under the direct supervision and 
control of the State Board for Vocational Edu- 
cation. 

ISToTE. — 'No teacher, supervisor or director of 
vocational agriculture shall be employed or 
dismissed without the approval of the State 
Board for Vocational Education and the 
Board of Control. 

B. Purpose of act. 

1. The purpose of the Smith-Hughes Law is to pre- 
pare for useful employment. 

a. The purpose of Section Two of the Law is 
to train agricultural workers. 

C. Grade of work. 

1. All vocational agriculture taught under the provi- 
sions of this Law shall be of less than college 
grade. 

D. Age of students. 

1. All courses in vocational agriculture shall be de- 
signed to prepare persons over 14 years of age 
for useful or profitable employment in agriculture. 

E. Duplicating of Federal funds. 

1. All Federal funds for vocational agriculture must 
be duplicated by local funds, 

F. Expenditure of funds. 

1. All Federal funds for vocational agriculture must 
be used for salaries of teachers, supervisors and 
directors of vocational agriculture. 

II. Kinds of schools which may receive Federal aid for vocational 
agriculture. 

A. Vocational agricultural departments in high schools clas- 

sified by the State Department of Education. (See 
Standards of Classification in Department Bulletin 64.) 

B. Special vocational agricultural schools. 

C. Part-time schools or evening classes for vocational agri- 

culture. 



— 6— 

III. Plant and equipment. 

A. Yocational agricultural departments in classified high 

schools. 

1. The Communit}- Board of Control shall, previou? 

to receiving aid for vocational agriculture, pro- 
vide a $200 equipment as a minimum. Such ad- 
ditional equipment as may be necessary for sat- 
isfactory work will be required by the State Board 
for Vocational Education. 

2. Land suitable for agricultural purposes, and con- 

veniently located, of sufficient area to provide 
each person enrolling for plant production proj- 
ects in vocational agriculture, at least one-tenth 
acre; must be provided, either by lease or pur- 
chase, by the Local Board, when provision for 
such land cannot otherwise be made. (A mini- 
mum of one acre must be provided to meet this 
emergency.) 

B. Special schools for vocational agriculture. 

1. In addition to the requirements for departments of 
vocational agriculture, the Community Board of 
Control of special schools for vocational agri- 
culture shall, previous to receiving Federal aid, 
provide a $500 equipment as a minimum, ten 
acres of suitable land, the necessary buildings, 
and such additional equipment as the State Board 
may require for satisfactory work. 

C. Part-time and evening classes in vocational agriculture. 

1. Schools establishing part-time or evening classes in 
vocational agriculture shall provide such equip- 
ment as may be required by the State Board for 
vocational agriculture. 

Note. — If these classes are organized in con- 
nection with departments of vocational agri- 
culture or special schools of vocational agri- 
culture, only such additional equipment as may 
be necessary for satisfactory work will be re- 
quired. 

IV. Minimum of maintenance. 

A. Salaries. 

A minimum salary of $1200 for 12 months work will 
be paid all teachers of vocational agriculture, pro- 
vided their entire time is given to the vocational 
agricultural work. If any portion of their time is 
devoted to subjects other than vocational agriculture, 
a division of the time must be made before the ap- 



— 7— 

jjlication is approved, and Federal, and. local and 
state funds, duplicating Federal funds for vocational 
agriculture, used for only that portion of the time 
devoted to vocational agriculture. All teachers of 
vocotional agriculture must be employed on a twelve 
months' basis. 
B. Additional maintenance. 

All Local Boards shall, prior to the approval of the 
application, furnish evidence that such conveyance as 
may be necessary for the personal supervision of all 
project work, will be provided the teacher, supervisor 
or director of vocational agriculture. Evidence that 
provision will be made for such equipment, clerical 
help, stationery, etc., as may be necessary must be 
furnished by the Local Board, prior to the approval 
of the application. 

V. Courses of study for: 

A. Departments of vocational agriculture in classified high 

schools, and special schools for vocational agriculture. 
The courses of study for departments of vocational agri- 
culture in classified high schools and in special schools 
of vocational agriculture shall consist of four years' 
work, fifty per cent of which time each year shall 
be devoted to vocational work, including instruction 
in agriculture, demonstrations, supervised agricultural 
projects and supervised study in agriculture and 
project work. Fifty per cent of time each year shall 
be devoted to such subjects as will give additional 
cultural and good citizenship training, 

B. Part-time schools and evening classes. 

The course of study for part-time schools or evening 
classes shall be planned to meet local needs. 
Note. — Details of all courses of study must be outlined by 
the respective schools and submitted for approval with appli- 
cation to State Board for Vocational Education. 

VI. Methods of instruction. 

The methods of instruction in vocational agriculture will vary 
with the type of school, but must be based upon : 

A. The teaching of vocational agriculture through both in- 

struction and supervised study. 

B. Supervised projects in vocational agriculture. (See super- 

vision of project work.) 

C. The abundant use of illustrative materials from the farm, 

lantern slides, charts, etc. 



— 8— 

yil. Supervision of project work. 

A. Essentials of a successful project. The essentials of a 

project are set forth in Bulletin 346, United States 
Department of Agriculture. The term "home project" 
applied to instruction in secondary agriculture in- 
cludes the following requisites: 

1. There must be a plan for work at home covering a 

season or a more or less extended period of time. 

2. It must he a part of the instruction in agriculture 

of the school. 

3. There must be a problem more or less new to the 

pupil. 

4. The parents and pupil should agree with the teacher 

upon the plan. 

5. Some competent person must supervise the home 

work. 

6. Detailed records of time, method, cost, and income 

must be honestly kept. 

7. A written report based on the record must be sub- 

mitted to the teacher. This report may be in 
the form of a composition or a booklet. 

B. Administration of project work. 

1. Selection of project. All projejcts must be selected 

by the student with the advice and consent of the 
teacher and parent. The parent must sign a 
written statement to the effect that he will (a) 
provide the necessary equipment for the project; 
(b) allow the student sufficient time for the work 
for the project; (c) allow the student the net 
profits accruing from the project. 

2. Equipment.- — The equipment required will vary 

widely with the type of project. For the plant 
production projects at least one-tenth acre of 
land will be necessary. For animal husbandry 
projects, pigs, poultry, baby beeves, with neces- 
sary feeds, buildings, etc., will be required. For 
those students who are unable to furnish a sat- 
isfactory equipment at home, the Local Board 
may arrange to supply, at the school, such of the 
equipment as may be found desirable and neces- 
sary. It is advised, however, that school projects 
be substituted for home projects only under un- 
usual circumstances. 

3. The supervisor in charge shall visit each project at 

least once each month for the purpose of direct- 
ing and giving such advice as may be needed. 



— 9— 

4. Eeports. 

a. Each student must submit a written report 

upon the progress of the project at least 
once each month. 

b. Upon the completion of the project a com- 

plete report shall be made to the super- 
visor in charge. 

ISTOTE. — Each student must do six 

months supervised project work each 

year. 

VIII. Qualifications of all teachers, supervisors or directors of voca- 
cational agriculture. 

1. Man, at least 21 years of age. 

2. Graduate of a standard agricultural college, or its equiv- 

alent. 

3. At least two years actual working experience on a farm, 

after his twelfth birthday. 

4. One full year's course in education, or its equivalent. 

5. One-half year's agricultural teaching experience in a sec- 

ondary school, or its equivalent. 

6. Satisfactory evidence of good moral character, strong per- 

sonality and ability to co-operate with farmers. 

7. After July 1, 1921, eligibles for positions as teachers, 

supervisors, and directors of vocational agriculture shall 
have completed a four years' college course in Voca- 
tional Agricultural Education. Candidates for admis- 
sion to this course must have presented upon entrance 
to the course fourteen units of high school work. Such 
a course will provide for 144 semester hours work, at 
least 40 hours of which must be technical agricudture 
and 15-24 professional training, including supervised 
practice teaching in secondary agriculture. Upon the 
completion of this course, a permanent teacher's certifi- 
cate will be granted by the State Department of Edu- 
cation. 

METHOD OF APPLYING FOR FEDERAL AID FOR VOCA- 
TIONAL AGRICULTURE. 

All applications for Federal aid for vocational agriculture must be 
made on Form D 121, copies of which may be obtained by addressing 
the State Board for Vocational Education, Austin, Texas. 

The application must be made in duplicate, one copy forwarded to 
the State Board for Vocational Education, and the other filed with the 
secretary of the Local Board of Control. Upon receipt" of the appli- 
cation, the Director will inspect the school applying for aid, and report 
to the State Board for Vocational Education, who in turn will pass 
upon the application. 



—10— 



EXTRACTS FROM THE SMITH-HUGHES LAW, RELATIVE TO 
THE TRAINING OF AGRICULTURAL WORKERS. 

An Act to provide for the promotion of vocational education; to pro- 
vide for cooperation with the states in the promotion of such education 
in agriculture; * * * -j-q provide for cooperation with the states in 
the preparation of teachers of vocational subjects; and to appropriate 
money and regulate its expenditure. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled. That there is hereby 
annually appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, the sums provided in Sections 2 and 4 of this Act, to 
be paid to the respective States for the purpose of cooperating with 
the states in paying the salaries of teachers, supervisors and directors 
of agricultural subjects * * * an(j jj^ the preparation of teachers 
of agricultural subjects. * * * g^nis shall be expended as herein- 
after provided. 

Sec. 2. That for the purjjose of cooperating with the states in paying 
the salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural sub- 
jects there is hereby appropriated for the use of the states, subject to 
the provisions of this Act, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, 
the sum of $500,000; for the fiscal year "ending June 30, 1919, the 
sum of $750,000; for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, the sum 
of $1,000,000: for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, the sum of 
$1,250,000: for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, the sum of 
$1,500,000 : for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, the sum of $1,750,- 
000 : for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, the sum of $2,000,000 ; 
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, the sum of $2,500,000; for 
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, and annually thereafter, the sum 
of $3,000,000. Said sums shall be allotted to the states in the pro- 
portion which their rural population bears to the total rural population 
of the United States; not including outlying possessions, according to 
the last preceding United States census. 



Sec. 4. That for the purpose of cooperating with the states in pre- 
paring teachers, supervisors, and directors of agricultural subjects and 
teachers of trade and industrial and home economics subjects there is 
hereby appropriated for the use of the states for the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1918, the sum of $500,000; for the fiscal year ending June 
30, 1919, the sum of $700,000: for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920, 
the sum of $900,000; for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, and 
annually thereafter, the sum of $1,000,000. Said sums shall be allotted 
to the states in the proportion which their population bears to the total 
population of the United States, not including outlying possessions, 
according to the last' preceding United States census. 



—11— 

Sec. 5. That in order to secure the benefits of the appropriations 
provided for in Sections 2 and 4 of this Act, any state shall, through 
the legisaltive authority thereof, accept the provisions of this Act and 
designate or create a state board, consisting of not less than three mem- 
bers, and having all necessary power to cooperate, as herein provided, 
with the Federal Board for Vocational Education in the administration 
of the provisions of this Act. The State Board of Education, or other 
board having charge of the administration of public education in the 
state, or any state board having charge of the administration of any 
kind of vocatinal education in the state may, if the state so elect, be 
designated as the state board, for the purposes of this Act. 

********** 

Any state may accept the benefits of any one or more of the respective 
funds herein appropriated, and it may defer the acceptance of the 
benefits of any one or more of suich funds, and shall be required to 
meet only the conditions relative to the fund or funds the benefits of 
which it has accepted, Provided, that after June 30, 1920, no state 
shall receive any appropriation for salaries of teachers, supervisors, or 
directors of agricultural subjects until it shall have taken advantage 
of at least the minimum amount appropriated for the training of 
teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural subjects, as provided 
for in this Act. 



Sec. 6. That a Federal Board for Vocational Education is hereby 
created, to consist of the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of 
Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, the United States Commissioner 
of Education, and three citizens of the United States to be appointed 
by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
One of said three citizens shall be a representative of the manufactur- 
ing and commercial interests, one a representative of the agricultural 
interests and one a representative of labor. The board shall elect an- 
nually one of its members as chairman. In the first instance, one of 
the citizen members shall be appointed for one year, one for two years, 
and one for three years, and thereafter for three years each. The 
members of the board other than the members of the Cabinet and the 
United States Commissioner of Education shall receive a salary of 
$5000 per annum. 

The board shall have power to cooperate with state boards in carry- 
ing out the provisions of this Act. It shall be the duty of the Federal 
Board for Vocational Education to make, or cause to have made studies, 
investigations, and reports, with particular reference to their use in 
aiding the states in the establishment of vocational schools and classes 
and in giving instruction in agriculture. * * * Such studies, in- 
vestigations, and reports shall include agriculture and agricultural 
processes and requirements upon agricultural workers; * * * and 
problems of administration of vocational schools and of courses of study 
and instruction in vocational subjects. 



—12— 

The Federal Board for Yocational Education shall have power to 
employ gnch assistants as may be necessary to carry out the provisions 
of this Act. 

Sec. 8. That in order to secure the benefits of the appropriation 
for any purpose specified in this Act, the state board shall prepare 
plans, showing the kinds of Vocational Education for which it is pro- 
posed that the appropriation shall be used; the kinds of schools and 
equipment; courses of study; methods of instruction; qualifications of 
teachers; and, in the case of agricultural subjects, the qualifications of 
supervisors or directors ; plans for the training of teachers, and, in the 
case of agricultural subjects, plans for the supervision of agricultural 
education, as provided for in Section 10. Such plans shall be submitted 
by the state board to the Federal Board for Vocational Education, and 
if the Federal board finds the same to be in conformity with the pro- 
visions and purposes of this Act, the same shall be approved. The 
state board shall make an annual report to the Federal Board for Voca- 
tional Education, on or before September first of each year, on the 
work done in the state and the receipts and expenditures of money 
under the provisions of this act. 

Sec. 9. That the appropriation for the salaries of teachers, super- 
visors, or directors of agricultural subjects. * * * shall be devoted 
exclusivelv to the payment of salaries of such teachers, supervisors, or 
directors having the minimum qualifications set up for the state by the 
state board, with the approval of the Federal Board for Vocational 
Education. The oost of instruction supplementary to the instruction 
in agriculture, provided for in this Act, necessary to build a well-rounded 
course of training, shall be borne by the state and local communities, 
and no part of the cost thereof shall be borne out of the appropriations 
herein made. The moneys expended under the provisions of this Act, 
in cooperation with the States, for the salaries of teachers, supervisors, 
or directors of agricultural subjects, * * * shall be conditioned 
that for each dollar of Federal money expended for such salaries the 
state or local community, or both, shall expend an equal amount for 
such salaries ; and that appropriations for the training of teachers of 
vocational subjects, as herein provided, shall be conditioned that such 
money be expended for maintenance of such training and that for each 
dollar of Federal money so expended for maintenance, the state or 
local communitv, or both, shall expend an equal amount for the main- 
tenance of such training. 

Sec. 10. That any state may use the appropriation for agricultural 
purposes, or any part thereof allotted to it, under the provisions of this 
Act, for the salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural 
subjects, either for the salaries of teachers of such subjects in schools 
or classes or for the salaries of supervisors or directors of such subjects 
under a plan of supervision for the State to be set up by the state board, 
with the approval of the Federal Board for Vocational Education. That 
in order to receive the benefits of such appropriation for the salaries 
of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural subjects the state 



—13— 

board of any state shall provide in its plan for agricultural education 
that such education shall be that which is under public supervision or 
control; tliat the controlling purpose of such education shall be to fit 
for useful employment; that such education shall be of less than college 
grade and be designed to meet the needs of persons over fourteen years 
of age who have entered upon or who are preparing to enter upon the 
work of the farm or of the farm home; that the state or local com- 
munity, or both, (1) shall provide the necessary plant and equipment 
determined upon by the state board, with the approval of the Federal 
Board for Vocational Education, as the minimum requirement for such 
education in schools and classes in the State; (2) that the amount 
expended for the maintenance of such education in any school or class 
receiving the benefit of such appropriation shall be not less annually 
than the amount fixed Iw the state board, with the approval of the 
Federal board as the minimum for such schools or classes in the state; 
(3) that such schools shall provide for directed or supervised practice 
in agriculture, either on a farm provided for by the school or other 
farm, for at least six months per year; (4) that the teachers, super- 
visors, or directors of agricultural subjects shall have at least the mini- 
mum qualifications determined for the state by the state board, with 
the approval of the Federal Board for Vocational Education. 

Sec. 12. That in order for any state to receive the benefits of the 
appropriation in ihis Act for the training of teachers, supervisors, or 
directors of agricultural subjects. * * * ^]-,g state board of such 
state shall provide in its plan for such training that the same shall be 
carried out under the supervision of the state board ; that such training 
shall be given in schools or classes under public supervision or control; 
that such training shall be given only to persons who have had ade- 
quate vocational experience or contact in the line of work for which 
thev are preparing themselves as teachers, supervisors, or directors, or 
who are acquiring such experience or contact as a part of their training : 
and that the state board, with the approval of the Federal board, shall 
establish minimum requirements for such experience or contact for 
teachers, supervisor's, or directors of agricultural subjects, and for teach- 
ers of trade, industrial and home economics subjects; that not more 
than sixty per centum nor less than twenty per centum of the money 
appropriated under this Act for the training of teachers of vocational 
subjects to anv state for anv year shall be expended for any one of the 
following purposes: For the preparation of teachers, supervisors, or 
directors of agricultural subjects or the preparation of teachers of trade 
and industrial subjects, or the preparation of teachers of home economics 
subjects. 

Sec. 13. That in order to secure the benefits of the appropriations 
for the salaries of teachers, supervisors, or directors of agricultural sub- 
jects, * * * Q^, ff^j. flip training of teachers as herein provided, any 
state shall ,through the legislative authority thereof, appoint as cus- 
todian for said appropriations its State Treasurer, who shall receive 



—14— 

and provide for the proper custody and disbursements of all money paid 
to the state from said apxjropriations. 



Sec. 16. That the Federal Board for Vocational Education may with- 
hold the allotment of moneys to any state whenever it shall be deter- 
mined that such moneys are not being expended for the purposes and 
under the conditions of this Act. 

Sec. 17. That * * * j^q portion of any moneys appropriated 
under this Act for the benefit of the states shall be applied, directly or 
indirectly, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any 
building or liuildiugs or equipment, or for the purchase or rental of 
lands, or for the support of any religious or privately owned or con- 
ducted school or college. 

Approved, February 23, 1917. 



